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A Generation Removed
On June 25, 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court heard the caseAdoptive Couple vs. Baby Girl, which pitted adoptive parents Matt and Melanie Capobianco against baby Veronica's biological father, Dusten Brown, a citizen of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. Veronica's biological mother had relinquished her for adoption to the Capobiancos without Brown's consent. Although Brown regained custody of his daughter using the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) of 1978, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Capobiancos, rejecting the purpose of the ICWA and ignoring the long history of removing Indigenous children from their families.
InA Generation Removed, a powerful blend of history and family stories, award-winning historian Margaret D. Jacobs examines how government authorities in the post-World War II era removed thousands of American Indian children from their families and placed them in non-Indian foster or adoptive families. By the late 1960s an estimated 25 to 35 percent of Indian children had been separated from their families.
Jacobs also reveals the global dimensions of the phenomenon: These practices undermined Indigenous families and their communities in Canada and Australia as well. Jacobs recounts both the trauma and resilience of Indigenous families as they struggled to reclaim the care of their children, leading to the ICWA in the United States and to national investigations, landmark apologies, and redress in Australia and Canada.
eBook
Attachment Theory: A Barrier for Indigenous Children Involved with Child Protection
Background: Attachment theory is an established theoretical understanding of the intimate relationships between parental figures and children. The theory frames the ways in which a child can be supported to develop within a secure base that prepares them for adulthood, including entering into and sustaining intimate relationships. The theory, built on the work of John Bowlby following World War II, has extensive literature supporting its application across multiple cultures and nations, although its roots are heavily tied to Eurocentric familial understandings. However, the theory has also been heavily criticized as not being appropriate for child intervention decision-making. Further, its application to Indigenous caregiving systems is also under question. Yet courts rely heavily on applying the theory to questions of sustaining Indigenous children in non-Indigenous care when return to biological parents is deemed impossible. Methods: This article draws upon the consistent arguments used in leading Canadian child welfare legal decisions and case examples to show how Attachment Theory is applied relative to Indigenous children and families. Results: Attachment Theory drawing upon Eurocentric framing, and as applied in Canadian child protection systems, as seen in precedent court decisions, is given priority over living in culture. This occurs even though the research reviewed has shown that the traditional dyadic version of the theory is not valid for Indigenous peoples. Conclusions: While all children will attach to a caregiver or caregiving system, such as kinship or community, leading legal decisions in Canada tend to rely on Eurocentric versions of the theory, which is contrary to the best interests of Indigenous children. Child protection needs to reconsider how attachment can be used from appropriate cultural lenses that involve the communal or extended caregiving systems common to many Canadian Indigenous communities. Child protection should also recognize that there is not a pan-Indigenous definition of attachment and child-rearing, so efforts to build working relationships with various Indigenous communities will be needed to accomplish culturally informed caregiving plans. In addition, continued advocacy in Canada is needed to have child protection decision-making conducted by the Indigenous communities, as opposed to Eurocentric provincial or territorial agencies.
Journal Article
Indigenous children's affective engagement with school : The influence of socio-structural, subjective and relational factors
In this study, Indigenous children's affective engagement with primary school is examined in terms of feelings of involvement and belonging at school and towards education as a worthwhile pursuit. Previous Australian research has concentrated on Indigenous children's education through attendance and school performance. Data from wave 6 of the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children are used to investigate the socio-structural, subjective and relational factors which influence affective engagement with school. Results show that good relationships with peers and teachers are positively associated with Indigenous children's affective engagement. Negative feelings about Indigenous identity are negatively associated with affective engagement. Socio-structural factors associated with higher affective engagement include being female, living in remote areas and being healthier. Results also show that parental education, employment, household income or area-level socio-economic circumstances are not associated with affective engagement. These results suggest that factors influencing Indigenous children's affective engagement with school and towards education may differ from those affecting school attendance. They also emphasise the importance of subjective and relational influences on improving Indigenous children's education outcomes. [Author abstract]
Journal Article
I am not a number
\"When eight-year-old Irene is removed from her First Nations family to live in a residential school she is confused, frightened, and terribly homesick. She tries to remember who she is and where she came from--despite the efforts of the nuns to force her to do otherwise. Based on the life of Jenny Kay Dupuis' own grandmother, [this book] brings a terrible part of Canada's history to light\"-- Provide by publisher.
Book
Why are you still here ?
An exciting adventure begins for Lillian when her friends Chloe and Grace ask her to help them investigate a mysterious window in the old barn. Lillian's sleuthing ability helps uncover surprises that returns the family to Indigenous ways of knowledge.
Children's Bioethics
Drawing on interdisciplinary scholastic work, the book offers a comprehensive examination of the international bio-political discourse on children's bioethics and, suggests an innovative model to resolve clashes between medical cultures and identity under international human rights law.
eBook